Manajemen Strategik Pendidikan Sains Inklusif: Kajian Literatur Sistematis terhadap Praktik dan Tantangan Implementasi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53299/jagomipa.v6i3.5113Keywords:
Manajemen Strategik, Pendidikan Sains Inklusi, Systematic Literature ReviewAbstract
Di tengah meningkatnya perhatian global terhadap pendidikan sains inklusif, proses manajemen strategik yang memungkinkan penerapannya masih dibahas secara terpisah-pisah dalam literatur dan jarang dikaji sebagai satu fungsi organisasi yang utuh. Kajian ini bertujuan memetakan praktik, tantangan, strategi, dan dinamika kepemimpinan yang membentuk manajemen strategik dalam pendidikan sains inklusif di berbagai jenjang pendidikan. Kajian ini menggunakan desain Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan mengacu pada kerangka PRISMA 2020, menelaah 21 artikel jurnal terindeks yang terbit antara tahun 2022 hingga 2026 dalam basis data ERIC. Hasil kajian menunjukkan lima tingkatan manajemen strategik implementasi pendidikan sains inklusif yang disesuaikan dengan kompleksitas kelembagaan dan keragaman peserta didik yaitu: Kemitraan Konumita, Pengembangan Profesional, Fleksibelitas Kurikulum, Budaya Ekuitas dan Manajemen Perubahan. Institusi pendidikan formal cenderung menerapkan penyesuaian bertahap (inkremental) dibanding perubahan struktural yang lebih mendasar, sehingga hambatan sistemik yang tertanam dalam norma kelembagaan sebagian besar belum tertangani. Kepemimpinan sekolah muncul sebagai faktor yang berpengaruh namun masih kurang dikaji, terutama dalam menentukan bagaimana kebijakan inklusi dievaluasi dan diterjemahkan ke dalam praktik pembelajaran di kelas. Temuan ini memperluas teori kontingensi manajemen dengan menunjukkan bagaimana pendekatan strategik berkembang seiring kompleksitas organisasi. Secara praktis, pemimpin sekolah dan pembuat kebijakan dapat memanfaatkan tipologi yang ditemukan untuk merancang strategi yang kontekstual pembelajaran sains inklusif lebih transformatif. Penelitian selanjutnya perlu melakukan penelitian longitudinal tentang integrasi model Change Management dengan pedagogi sains inklusif untuk menangkap dinamika strategi manajemen inklusif dan memperluas cakupan penelitian pada jenjang SMK dan pendidikan Vokasi.
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